A genome is:
Correct A. the full set of genes for a particular organism
B. a molcule of DNA
C. the basic unit of heredity
D. the manufacturer of protein.
Answer Key: A
Question 2 of 50 Score: 0 (max 1)
Human development begins when a sperm penetrates the membrane of:
A. An ovum
Incorrect B. the ovary
C. the placenta
D. an amino acid
Answer Key: A
Question 3 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
When two human reproductive cells combine at the moment of conception, the result is a:
A. fetus
B. pair of twins
Correct C. zygote
D. gamete
Answer Key: C
Feedback: When two human reproductive cells combine at the moment of conception, the result is a:
Question 4 of 50 Score: 0 (max 1)
The first hours and days of human development involve the processes of:
A. duplication, division, and differentiation.
Incorrect B. duplication, specialization, and progression.
C. division, multiplication, and specialization.
D. differentiation, division, and centralization.
Answer Key: A
Question 5 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
The values, assumptions, customs, clothing, technologies, and art that a group of people have developed over the years as a design for living are referred to as their:
Correct A. Culture
B. cohort
C. ethnicity
D. environment
Answer Key: A
Question 6 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
Matthew grew up in a small apartment with his five siblings and his drug-addicted mother. Three of his siblings are in jail; the other is deceased. Matthew is now a geologist with a loving wife and children. Given his beginnings, how might his success be explained?
A. Matthew was genetically different from his siblings.
Correct B. Matthew was a resilient child.
C. Statistically, one child in the family should meet success.
D. Matthew was the most intelligent child in the family.
Answer Key: B
Question 7 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
If students complain that this exam does not really measure their understanding of Chapter One, they are complaining about the exam's:
A. statistical significance.
Correct B. validity
C. generalizsability.
D. accuracy.
Answer Key: B
Question 8 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
Watching and recording others' behaviors in a systematic and objective manner is referred to as:
Correct A. scientific observation.
B. correlational design.
C. cross-sectional research.
D. a laboratory experiement.
Answer Key: A
Question 9 of 50 Score: 0 (max 1)
Scientific observation would probably be the best choice for a researcher interested in:
Incorrect A. beliefs of parents about the drinking behavior of their children,
B. adolescents' risky sexual behavior.
C. obtaining extensive information about a single adolescent's nutritional behavior.
D. the frequency of bullying during school recess periods.
Answer Key: D
Question 10 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
ndura (1973) was interested in whether watching violence affected children's behaviors. To examine this, he showed a violent film to one group of preschoolers and a nonviolent film to a second group of preschoolers. Following the films, the behaviors of the two groups were compared. This study was:
A. a naturalistic observation.
Correct B. an experiment.
C. a case study.
D. longitudianl research.
Answer Key: B
Question 11 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
To study how members of a particular group change or remain the same as they grow older, the best method is:
A. cross-sesctional research.
B. a survey at the end of the time period.
Correct C. lognitudinal research.
D. establishing an experimental group and a control group.
Answer Key: C
Question 12 of 50 Score: 0 (max 1)
The ecological-systems approach to the study of human development maintains that in order to understand an individual's development, one needs to examine the:
A. historical context.
B. individual's family.
C. schools and community.
Incorrect D. interplay between the individual, the family, schools and community and historical context.
Answer Key: A
Question 13 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
Researchers obtain informed consent of individuals participating in their studies to ensure the participants understand that:
Correct A. participation is voluntary, cofidential and harless for all.
B. they will be paid for their participation.
C. researchers are not liable for unanticipated outcomes.
D. their names will be published in the final research report.
Answer Key: A
Question 14 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
In seeking participants for a research studies, researchers must explain the purposes and procedures of the study in advance, obtain written permission, and allow participants to stop at any time. This process is known as:
A. holding harmless.
Correct B. informed consent.
C. release of liability.
D. rite of research.
Answer Key: B
Question 15 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
The set of moral principles used by each academic discipline and professional society to protect the integrity of research is referred to as their:
A. policies and procedures.
B. participant rules.
Correct C. code of ethics.
D. conditions of liabiltiy.
Answer Key: C
Question 16 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
A behavior by a researcher that would be considered unethical is:
A. halting the study if harm is suspected.
Correct B. changing the data to support the hypothesis.
C. obtaining informed consent.
D. maintaining confidentiality.
Answer Key: B
Question 17 of 50 Score: 0 (max 1)
Researchers have an ethical obligation to:
A. choosde topics of study that may be researched quickly.
B. choose topics of study that may be researched inexpensively.
C. choose topics of study that are of major importance to society.
Incorrect D. choose topicvs of study that are politically correct.
Answer Key: C
Question 18 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
The central task of developmentalists is to identify and describe the universality and uniqueness in humans.
Correct true
false
Answer Key: true
Question 19 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
Temperament is an example of a continuous characteristic.
Correct true
false
Answer Key: true
Question 20 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
Personality traits observed in infancy may be quite recognizable in adulthood.
Correct true
false
Answer Key: true
Question 21 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
More adults than children live in low-income households in almost every nation of the world.
true
Correct false
Answer Key: false
Question 22 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
The socioeconomic status of a family primarily reflects only the household income.
true
Correct false
Answer Key: false
Question 23 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
Developmentalists often draw on other disciplines such as biology and sociology to gain insight into human development.
Correct true
false
Answer Key: true
Question 24 of 50 Score: 0 (max 1)
Quality of parenting is the primary predictor of a resilient child.
Incorrect true
false
Answer Key: false
Question 25 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
Researchers have an ethical responsibility to study topics that will help people.
Correct true
false
Answer Key: true
Question 26 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
A systematic set of principles and generalizations that provides a framework for understanding and examining how and why people change as they get older is referred to as a(n):
A. hypothesis.
Correct B. developmental theory
C. operational definition.
D. paradigm
Answer Key: B
Question 27 of 50 Score: 0 (max 1)
A purpose of a developmental theory is:
A. to provide solutions to most major developmental problems.
B. to offer insight into practical guidance to parents,teachers and therapists.
Incorrect C. to determine the direction of behaior.
D. to dictate how to rear children.
Answer Key: B
Question 28 of 50 Score: 0 (max 1)
Some theories are called grand theories because they:
Incorrect A. are consistently accurate.
B. offer the only important insights regarding development.
C. provide a framework for understanding the development of all people.
D. are considered to be the new theories of the future.
Answer Key: C
Question 29 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
According to psychoanalytic theories, human development is mainly determined by:
A. the choices we make for ourselves.
B. the environment in which we are raised.
Correct C. our unconsdcviousd motives and drives.
D. the way we think about and understand the world.
Answer Key: C
Question 30 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
Danielle sucks her thumb because she finds it very pleasurable. She is also becoming emotionally attached to her daddy, Andy, who feeds her. According to Freud, Danielle is most likely in:
A. the anal stage.
Correct B. the oral stage.
C. latency.
D. the phallic stage.
Answer Key: B
Question 31 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
In Erik Erikson's theory:
A. there are six stages.
Correct B. developmental challenges continue throughout adulthood.
C. the first stage is called the oral stage.
D. autonomy ocvcurs when young adults leave home.
Answer Key: B
Question 32 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
According to Erikson, an infant experiences:
A. industry vs. inferiority
Correct B. trust vs. mistrust.
C. autonomy vs. shame and doubt.
D. independence vs. dependence.
Answer Key: B
Question 33 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
A 9-year-old girl learning to be competent at school would be in Erikson's psychosocial stage of:
Correct A. industry vs. inferiority.
B. identity vs. role confusion.
C. autonomy vs. shame and doubt.
D. integrity vs. despair.
Answer Key: A
Question 34 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
Behaviorism focuses on which of the following?
Correct A. actions
B. unconscious urges.
C. thoughts.
D. emotions.
Answer Key: A
Question 35 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
Diana, a toddler, is throwing a temper tantrum. Behaviorists would say Diana is doing this because she:
A. is a toddler, and toddlers are learning how to control their evnironment.
B. believes this will get her parents to give her what she wants.
C. is egocentric and cannot think about how other people will be upset by her behavior.
Correct D. has gradually learned that this type of behavior gets rewarded.
Answer Key: D
Question 36 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
Social learning theory emphasizes learning through:
A. cooperation with others.
Correct B. observation and imitation.
C. reinforcers.
D. understanding how one's behavior affects other people.
Answer Key: B
Question 37 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
Cognitive theories emphasize the:
Correct A. development of thought processes and thier effect on behavior.
B. role of unconsdcious urges and impulses.
C. control that external forces have over the direction of human development.
D. crisis that each individual must resolve at each stage of life.
Answer Key: A
Question 38 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
Piaget's theory of development focused primarily on:
Correct A. how our thinking changes as we grow older.
B. biological and physical changes.
C. our unconscious issues.
D. the ways in which our environment influences us.
Answer Key: A
Question 39 of 50 Score: 0 (max 1)
According to Piaget, cognitive growth is promoted by a need for:
Incorrect A. assimilation
B. models.
C. reinforcement.
D. equilibrium.
Answer Key: D
Question 40 of 50 Score: 0 (max 1)
When we adjust our old ways of thinking in order to fit in new information, Piaget calls this process:
A. synchrony.
Incorrect B. assimilation
C. accommodation
D. equilibration.
Answer Key: C
Question 41 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
Gina wants a glass of milk but all of the glassware is in the sink waiting to be washed. She finds a clean empty fruit jar and pours milk into it. Gina solved her problem by using the process of accommodation.
Correct true
false
Answer Key: true
Question 42 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
A major pioneer of the sociocultural perspective was Lev Vygotsky.
Correct true
false
Answer Key: true
Question 43 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
According to sociocultural theory, the process of learning continues throughout life, with adults learning from individuals of all ages.
Correct true
false
Answer Key: true
Question 44 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
From a sociocultural perspective, what people need to learn and how they learn is the same for everyone.
true
Correct false
Answer Key: false
Question 45 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
Preformism refers to the belief that every aspect of development is set in advance by genes.
Correct true
false
Answer Key: true
Question 46 of 50 Score: 0 (max 1)
According to sociocultural theory, individuals very often learn skills on their own, through a process of trial and error.
Incorrect true
false
Answer Key: false
Question 47 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
Ethology is particularly interested in the instinctive behaviors of infants and their caregivers.
Correct true
false
Answer Key: true
Question 48 of 50 Score: 0 (max 1)
Most developmentalists today are strongly committed to one of the theories described in this chapter.
Incorrect true
false
Answer Key: false
Question 49 of 50 Score: 0 (max 1)
Nature refers to those traits that are evident at birth, whereas nurture refers to all traits that emerge after birth.
Incorrect true
false
Answer Key: false
Question 50 of 50 Score: 1 (max 1)
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is one of the very few conditions that are caused exclusively by nature.
true
Correct false
Answer Key: false
